{"id":1049,"date":"2016-03-10T20:05:37","date_gmt":"2016-03-10T20:05:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/test.lindsaywelch.com\/?page_id=1049"},"modified":"2016-06-02T20:10:08","modified_gmt":"2016-06-02T20:10:08","slug":"eugenics","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/?page_id=1049","title":{"rendered":"Eugenics"},"content":{"rendered":"<h5>Eugenics<\/h5>\n<p><style type='text\/css'>\n\t#ngg-gallery-9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751 .ngg-pro-masonry-item {\n\t\tmargin-bottom: 10px;\n\t}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"ngg-pro-masonry-wrapper\">\n\t<div class=\"ngg-pro-masonry-spinner\">\n\t\t<i class='fa fa-spin fa-spinner'><\/i>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"ngg-pro-masonry\" id=\"ngg-gallery-9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751\">\n\t\t<div class='ngg-pro-masonry-gutter' style='width: 10px'><\/div>\n\t\t<div class='ngg-pro-masonry-sizer' style='width: 220px'><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class='ngg-pro-masonry-item' style='height: 162px; max-width: 220px;'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/The-History-of-Eugenics-Part-1-small.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"&lt;em&gt;The History of Eugenics&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;(Derivation: Camper, Petrus, &lt;em&gt;The progression of skulls and facial expressions - from monkey, through black, to the average European, and thence to the Greek ideal-type &lt;\/em&gt;(Copyright \u00a9 2013 Facing History and Ourselves. All rights reserved. http:\/\/tj.facinghistory.org\/ranking-humankind)&lt;br\/&gt; 1994 &lt;br\/&gt; Acrylic and pencil on canvas&lt;br\/&gt; 50 x 68 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This image is from a late 18th century chart by a Dutch physician, artist, and professor of anatomy at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, Petrus Camper (1722-1789). Camper was a true Enlightenment man, a humanist concerned with order and ideal beauty, and who, like others of his milieu, wanted to understand how living beings are related in a comprehensible scheme. Camper believed humans came from one common ancestor, but that specific groups were closer or farther from a Biblical ideal of beauty. He also thought that external appearance reflected internal intellectual and moral worth, and that the laws governing the world could be discovered by scientific observation and reasoning.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The chart illustrates the technique of measuring facial angles developed by Camper in the 1780&#039;s to determine race from a skull or human face. He measured angles from the upper lip to the forehead and horizontally across the face, and concluded that Greek and Roman busts were the closest to the ideal type. Camper&#039;s work predated eugenics as a discreet belief system, but touched upon its roots and was used to legitimate its theories. It served this end even though its creator would likely have been appalled by those uses. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; For me, the chart with its encapsulated ideas took on a life of its own and raised issues of artistic or authorial responsibility and of moral ambiguity. Camper was an artist; his drawing was beautiful and careful, and I believe, indicative of his desire to find beauty in understanding. His enormous flaw, of course, was that he believed completely in his own standards and considered them universal. But who decides who is beautiful and who is not, who is in and who is out? The piece, I hope, raises questions about what art is, what can be art, and what makes art, art.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; With this piece, I did what eugenicists and phrenologists and criminal anthropologists and some psychologists and psychiatrists and others did and do. I took a record of measurement, an illustration of a certain idea, and manipulated it to my own ends. I painted the background to allude to a worn surface, to history and time. I used a blueprint palette, seeing blueprints as maps for figuring things out and documenting ideas about structure. I included all the lines, numbers and letters in the original chart, but included nothing to explain their references. They look as if they should tell us something, but they don&#039;t. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is no way Camper could have foreseen that his ideas of measuring facial angles to show proximity to the Greek ideal would eventually be used as serious measurements of a person&#039;s worth. His chart was in standard 19th century medical textbooks, and relied upon in Nazi Germany. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; One of the ambiguities in Camper\u2019s chart is his treatment of eyeballs. Only the monkey and Caucasian have them; The Mongolian, Negroid and Ideal types do not. The Ideal type is an anatomically incorrect statue with a bizarre skull shape and hairline. What was Camper thinking when he put this figure at the top of his hierarchy, and gave him no eyes to see? Was the ideal type unattainable for Camper? Was he implying that we can never achieve perfection? &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; What is the role of superior beings? Is it to protect one\u2019s kind through power and social control, to eliminate the \u201cother,\u201d the inferior, unless they are useful? If so, how and when do we turn deviance into criminality? What leeway do we allow ourselves in order to calm our fears and protect what we want to have? When I began to really look at the history of eugenics, and especially at its very large visual component, I saw the ways we take questionable ideas and make them look legitimate; how we create, in effect, documentary illusion. At bottom, that is the subject of this piece.\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/The-History-of-Eugenics-Part-1-small.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/The-History-of-Eugenics-Part-1-small.jpg-nggid0270-ngg0dyn-440x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-image-id=\"70\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-title=\"The History of Eugenics\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-description=\"&lt;em&gt;The History of Eugenics&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;(Derivation: Camper, Petrus, &lt;em&gt;The progression of skulls and facial expressions - from monkey, through black, to the average European, and thence to the Greek ideal-type &lt;\/em&gt;(Copyright \u00a9 2013 Facing History and Ourselves. All rights reserved. http:\/\/tj.facinghistory.org\/ranking-humankind)&lt;br\/&gt; 1994 &lt;br\/&gt; Acrylic and pencil on canvas&lt;br\/&gt; 50 x 68 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; This image is from a late 18th century chart by a Dutch physician, artist, and professor of anatomy at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, Petrus Camper (1722-1789). Camper was a true Enlightenment man, a humanist concerned with order and ideal beauty, and who, like others of his milieu, wanted to understand how living beings are related in a comprehensible scheme. Camper believed humans came from one common ancestor, but that specific groups were closer or farther from a Biblical ideal of beauty. He also thought that external appearance reflected internal intellectual and moral worth, and that the laws governing the world could be discovered by scientific observation and reasoning.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; The chart illustrates the technique of measuring facial angles developed by Camper in the 1780&#039;s to determine race from a skull or human face. He measured angles from the upper lip to the forehead and horizontally across the face, and concluded that Greek and Roman busts were the closest to the ideal type. Camper&#039;s work predated eugenics as a discreet belief system, but touched upon its roots and was used to legitimate its theories. It served this end even though its creator would likely have been appalled by those uses. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; For me, the chart with its encapsulated ideas took on a life of its own and raised issues of artistic or authorial responsibility and of moral ambiguity. Camper was an artist; his drawing was beautiful and careful, and I believe, indicative of his desire to find beauty in understanding. His enormous flaw, of course, was that he believed completely in his own standards and considered them universal. But who decides who is beautiful and who is not, who is in and who is out? The piece, I hope, raises questions about what art is, what can be art, and what makes art, art.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; With this piece, I did what eugenicists and phrenologists and criminal anthropologists and some psychologists and psychiatrists and others did and do. I took a record of measurement, an illustration of a certain idea, and manipulated it to my own ends. I painted the background to allude to a worn surface, to history and time. I used a blueprint palette, seeing blueprints as maps for figuring things out and documenting ideas about structure. I included all the lines, numbers and letters in the original chart, but included nothing to explain their references. They look as if they should tell us something, but they don&#039;t. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; There is no way Camper could have foreseen that his ideas of measuring facial angles to show proximity to the Greek ideal would eventually be used as serious measurements of a person&#039;s worth. His chart was in standard 19th century medical textbooks, and relied upon in Nazi Germany. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; One of the ambiguities in Camper\u2019s chart is his treatment of eyeballs. Only the monkey and Caucasian have them; The Mongolian, Negroid and Ideal types do not. The Ideal type is an anatomically incorrect statue with a bizarre skull shape and hairline. What was Camper thinking when he put this figure at the top of his hierarchy, and gave him no eyes to see? Was the ideal type unattainable for Camper? Was he implying that we can never achieve perfection? &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; What is the role of superior beings? Is it to protect one\u2019s kind through power and social control, to eliminate the \u201cother,\u201d the inferior, unless they are useful? If so, how and when do we turn deviance into criminality? What leeway do we allow ourselves in order to calm our fears and protect what we want to have? When I began to really look at the history of eugenics, and especially at its very large visual component, I saw the ways we take questionable ideas and make them look legitimate; how we create, in effect, documentary illusion. At bottom, that is the subject of this piece.\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-ngg-captions-nostylecopy=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751\" data-ngg-protect=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\n<img title=\"The History of Eugenics\" alt=\"The History of Eugenics\" width=\"220\" height=\"162\" style=\"max-width:220px;max-height:162px\" src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/The-History-of-Eugenics-Part-1-small.jpg-nggid0270-ngg0dyn-220x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='ngg-pro-masonry-item' style='height: 230px; max-width: 220px;'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/Tower-of-Babel-1-September-1939-1.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"&lt;em&gt;Tower of Babel: 1 September, 1939&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; 2016 &lt;br\/&gt; Inkjet print and pencil on paper&lt;br\/&gt; 22.7 x 22 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; By the late 1930\u2019s, the German medical establishment viewed mental illnesses, lax morality and criminality as signs of racial inferiority. It was this letter of September 1, 1939, coinciding with the distraction of the invasion of Poland, in which Hitler authorized specific physicians to euthanize German citizens who were incurably ill or undesirable. Legal justification not necessary.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;The letter was seminal to the goal of justifying the destruction of Jews on the grounds of societal health and criminal justice. The English translation follows:&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;em&gt;Berlin, 1. September 1939&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Reichsleiter Bouhler and Dr. Brandt, M.D. are charged with the responsibility of enlarging the authority of certain physicians to be designated by name in such a manner that persons who, according to human judgment, are incurable can, upon a most careful diagnosis of their condition of sickness, be accorded a mercy death.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; (signed) A. Hitler \u00a0s.&lt;em\/&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/Tower-of-Babel-1-September-1939-1.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/Tower-of-Babel-1-September-1939-1.jpg-nggid03147-ngg0dyn-440x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-image-id=\"147\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-title=\"Tower of Babel: 1 September, 1939\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-description=\"&lt;em&gt;Tower of Babel: 1 September, 1939&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; 2016 &lt;br\/&gt; Inkjet print and pencil on paper&lt;br\/&gt; 22.7 x 22 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; By the late 1930\u2019s, the German medical establishment viewed mental illnesses, lax morality and criminality as signs of racial inferiority. It was this letter of September 1, 1939, coinciding with the distraction of the invasion of Poland, in which Hitler authorized specific physicians to euthanize German citizens who were incurably ill or undesirable. Legal justification not necessary.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;The letter was seminal to the goal of justifying the destruction of Jews on the grounds of societal health and criminal justice. The English translation follows:&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;em&gt;Berlin, 1. September 1939&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Reichsleiter Bouhler and Dr. Brandt, M.D. are charged with the responsibility of enlarging the authority of certain physicians to be designated by name in such a manner that persons who, according to human judgment, are incurable can, upon a most careful diagnosis of their condition of sickness, be accorded a mercy death.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; (signed) A. Hitler \u00a0s.&lt;em\/&gt;&lt;\/em&gt;\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-ngg-captions-nostylecopy=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751\" data-ngg-protect=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\n<img title=\"Tower of Babel: 1 September, 1939\" alt=\"Tower of Babel: 1 September, 1939\" width=\"220\" height=\"230\" style=\"max-width:220px;max-height:230px\" src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/Tower-of-Babel-1-September-1939-1.jpg-nggid03147-ngg0dyn-220x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='ngg-pro-masonry-item' style='height: 229px; max-width: 220px;'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/Tower-of-Babel-Tree-of-Races-1.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"&lt;em&gt;Tower of Babel: Tree of Races&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; 2016 &lt;br\/&gt; Inkjet print and pencil on paper&lt;br\/&gt; 22.7 x 22 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Unfortunately, I do not know the origin of the image of the \u201cTree of Races,\u201d other than that it was from a mainstream scholarly book, but it is an iconic eugenical one. The use of English sets it\u2019s publication in either England or the United States, both key sites for the development of eugenical thinking and practice, especially the latter. America was the hot bed of Eugenics, the place the Germans went to for ideas and policies prior to Hitler\u2019s rule. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;I chose the \u201cTree of Races\u201d because of its seemingly benign depiction of deeply harmful ideas. The use of yellow in the piece is meant to infer the actual toxic danger of those ideas.\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/Tower-of-Babel-Tree-of-Races-1.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/Tower-of-Babel-Tree-of-Races-1.jpg-nggid03148-ngg0dyn-440x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-image-id=\"148\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-title=\"Tower of Babel: Tree of Racestitle goes here\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-description=\"&lt;em&gt;Tower of Babel: Tree of Races&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; 2016 &lt;br\/&gt; Inkjet print and pencil on paper&lt;br\/&gt; 22.7 x 22 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Unfortunately, I do not know the origin of the image of the \u201cTree of Races,\u201d other than that it was from a mainstream scholarly book, but it is an iconic eugenical one. The use of English sets it\u2019s publication in either England or the United States, both key sites for the development of eugenical thinking and practice, especially the latter. America was the hot bed of Eugenics, the place the Germans went to for ideas and policies prior to Hitler\u2019s rule. &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;I chose the \u201cTree of Races\u201d because of its seemingly benign depiction of deeply harmful ideas. The use of yellow in the piece is meant to infer the actual toxic danger of those ideas.\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-ngg-captions-nostylecopy=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751\" data-ngg-protect=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\n<img title=\"Tower of Babel: Tree of Racestitle goes here\" alt=\"Tower of Babel: Tree of Racestitle goes here\" width=\"220\" height=\"229\" style=\"max-width:220px;max-height:229px\" src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/Tower-of-Babel-Tree-of-Races-1.jpg-nggid03148-ngg0dyn-220x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='ngg-pro-masonry-item' style='height: 228px; max-width: 220px;'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/Tower-of-Babel-Useless-Eaters-1.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"&lt;em&gt;Tower of Babel: Useless Eaters&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; 2016 &lt;br\/&gt; Inkjet print and pencil on paper&lt;br\/&gt; 22.7 x 22 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Beginning in 1933 with the \u201cLaw for the Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases,\u201d the German government called for the sterilization of Germans with hereditary diseases, such as mental illnesses, learning disabilities, physical deformities, epilepsy, blindness, deafness, and severe alcoholism. Propaganda began terming the disabled \u201clife unworthy of life\u201d or \u201cuseless eaters,\u201d and emphasizing their economic cost to society.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;Hitler\u2019s September 1939 letter authorizing Reichsleiter Bouhler and Dr. Brandt, M.D. to accord \u201cmercy deaths\u201d to incurable and disabled offspring already born began the T-4 program and was the beginning of the use of mass murder on racial grounds. The remains of those \u201cuseless eaters\u201d were cremated, dumped in a pile of ashes put randomly into urns. Relatives received the urn and a fictitious death certificate.\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/Tower-of-Babel-Useless-Eaters-1.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-thumbnail=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/Tower-of-Babel-Useless-Eaters-1.jpg-nggid03149-ngg0dyn-440x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-image-id=\"149\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-title=\"Tower of Babel: Useless Eaters\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-description=\"&lt;em&gt;Tower of Babel: Useless Eaters&lt;\/em&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; 2016 &lt;br\/&gt; Inkjet print and pencil on paper&lt;br\/&gt; 22.7 x 22 inches &lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt; Beginning in 1933 with the \u201cLaw for the Prevention of Progeny with Hereditary Diseases,\u201d the German government called for the sterilization of Germans with hereditary diseases, such as mental illnesses, learning disabilities, physical deformities, epilepsy, blindness, deafness, and severe alcoholism. Propaganda began terming the disabled \u201clife unworthy of life\u201d or \u201cuseless eaters,\u201d and emphasizing their economic cost to society.&lt;br\/&gt;&lt;br\/&gt;Hitler\u2019s September 1939 letter authorizing Reichsleiter Bouhler and Dr. Brandt, M.D. to accord \u201cmercy deaths\u201d to incurable and disabled offspring already born began the T-4 program and was the beginning of the use of mass murder on racial grounds. The remains of those \u201cuseless eaters\u201d were cremated, dumped in a pile of ashes put randomly into urns. Relatives received the urn and a fictitious death certificate.\"\n\t\t\t\t\tdata-ngg-captions-nostylecopy=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\t\tclass=\"ngg-fancybox\" rel=\"9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751\" data-ngg-protect=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\n\n<img title=\"Tower of Babel: Useless Eaters\" alt=\"Tower of Babel: Useless Eaters\" width=\"220\" height=\"228\" style=\"max-width:220px;max-height:228px\" src=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/wp-content\/gallery\/eugenics\/cache\/Tower-of-Babel-Useless-Eaters-1.jpg-nggid03149-ngg0dyn-220x0-00f0w010c010r110f110r010t010.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p><strong>Artist Statement<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>I became interested in Eugenics in 1990 while researching European genocide and American racism. Going back to the roots of Eugenical thinking in the Enlightenment was the key that focused my curiosity on how societies legitimize and institutionalize discrimination and worse. Enlightenment thinkers, humanist and often anti-slavery, prized order and ideal beauty, and sought to understand how living beings are related in a comprehensible scheme. Many believed humans came from one common ancestor, that external appearance reflected internal intellectual and moral worth, and that the laws governing the world could be discovered by scientific observation and reasoning.<\/p>\n<p>The irony of the transformation of eugenical ideas from their Enlightenment roots to those of the first half of the 20th century is profound. The legitimate societal concern about protecting ourselves and others from harm grew astronomically due to the results of urbanization and industrialization. Fearful individuals in a society may or may not feel a need to rationalize hate and mistreatment, but governments, institutions and those who participate in them do. Eugenics offers scientific seeming ideas through which deviance from accepted norms become viewed as physical disorders, inferior and dangerous, and &#8220;deviants&#8221; deserving of treatment ranging from social ostracism to restriction of freedom to torture and murder.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eugenics #ngg-gallery-9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751 .ngg-pro-masonry-item { margin-bottom: 10px; } Artist Statement I became interested in Eugenics in 1990 while researching European genocide and American racism. Going back to the roots of Eugenical thinking in the Enlightenment was the key that focused my curiosity on how societies legitimize and institutionalize discrimination and worse. Enlightenment thinkers, humanist and often [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":784,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1049","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Eugenics &#8212; Susan Erony<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/susanerony.com\/?page_id=1049\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Eugenics &#8212; Susan Erony\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Eugenics #ngg-gallery-9f60854422b44585e2b6fdec07ffe751 .ngg-pro-masonry-item { margin-bottom: 10px; } Artist Statement I became interested in Eugenics in 1990 while researching European genocide and American racism. Going back to the roots of Eugenical thinking in the Enlightenment was the key that focused my curiosity on how societies legitimize and institutionalize discrimination and worse. 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